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Acute Reference Doses for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals
1. Introduction
The Acute Reference Doses for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (ARfD List) provides a tabulation of acute reference doses (ARfDs; in units of mg/kg bodyweight) for each agricultural or veterinary (agvet) chemical listed.
The 'Study' column provides information about the pivotal study, including type, the NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) and the critical toxicological endpoint. For some agvet chemicals, longer-term rather than acute dosing studies have been used to establish the ARfD. In these cases, the NOAEL was selected on the basis of toxicological effects observed after the first dose.
The ‘Comments’ column may:
- provide additional information about its applicability to the general population
- advise that an ARfD is not necessary
- indicate that the ARfD has been adopted from that established by the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR).
The ‘Date’ column indicates when particular ARfDs were established.
2. Copyright
© Commonwealth of Australia 2019
ISSN 1446-1412
This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce the whole or part of this work in unaltered form for your own personal use or, if you are part of an organisation, for internal use within your organisation, but only if you or your organisation do not use the reproduction for any commercial purpose and retain this copyright notice and all disclaimer notices as part of that reproduction. Apart from rights to use as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 or allowed by this copyright notice, all other rights are reserved and you are not allowed to reproduce the whole or any part of this work in any way (electronic or otherwise) without first being given the specific written permission from the Commonwealth to do so.
This document includes some recommendations made by the Office of Chemical Safety (OCS).
Comments and enquiries regarding copyright:
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Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority
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KINGSTON ACT 2604 Australia
Telephone: +61 2 6770 2300
Email: communications@apvma.gov.au.
View our copyright information.
3. Printable version
View a printable PDF or word version of the ARfD list.
4. ARfD List
|
Chemical |
ARfD (mg/kg bw) |
NOAEL (mg/kg bw) |
Date |
Study |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
A |
|||||
|
Abamectin (sum of abamectin + 8,9-Z Isomer) |
0.002 |
0.25 |
6-Aug-18 |
Based on the overall NOAEL of 0.25 mg/kg bw per day for clinical signs in dogs (mydriasis) observed in the first week of treatment at 0.5 mg/kg bw per day. |
A total uncertainty factor of 100 has been applied. The ARfD also applies to the 8,9-Z isomer of avermectin B1a and 24-hydroxymethyl abamectin. The 24-hydroxymethyl metabolite of abamectin is regarded as having no greater toxicity than the parent molecule. |
| Acephate | 0.1 | ≥ 1.2 | 2005 |
Single dose study in humans. No inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was reported in either sex at any dose. No clinically significant changes were seen in vital signs or on electrocardiography, haematology, clinical chemistry, urine analysis or physical examination. The NOAEL was 1.2 mg/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested. |
The critical toxicological effect of acephate is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the nervous system, an effect that is dependent on Cmax rather than on the area under the curve (AUC). Data on inhibition in vitro indicate that human brain acetylcholinesterase is slightly less sensitive to inhibition by acephate than is rat brain acetylcholinesterase. Well conducted toxicokinetics studies, available for both rats and humans, show that there is no significant difference between the two species; in particular, Cmax values have the same relationship to administered dose in the two species, and acephate is rapidly absorbed and eliminated in both species. Data for rats in vivo indicate that inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity occurs at lower doses than those required for a similar level of inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity. Data for dogs and monkeys in vivo indicate that brain and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activities are nearly equally inhibited at any given dose, and do not show the difference seen in rats, which might thus be rat-specific. Well-conducted single- and repeated-dose studies in humans clearly demonstrated a dose where no inhibition of blood cholinesterase activities occurred. Data from animals in vivo do not show sex differences in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity or clinical signs. Since there is no interspecies extrapolation, an overall safety factor of 10 was used. |
|
Acetamiprid |
0.1 |
10 |
27-Jul-01 |
Single-dose gavage neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 10 mg/kg bw was based on reductions in locomotor activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Acetyl isovaleryltylosin tartrate |
1.86 |
360 |
21-Aug-06 |
Acute oral mouse study; a NOAEL of 360 mg/kg bw was based on the clinical signs observed at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Acibenzolar-S-methyl |
0.01 |
10 [LOAEL] |
23-Apr-02 |
Developmental rat study; based on haemorrhagic discharge in dams at LOAEL of 10 mg/kg bw/d. |
|
| Afidopyropen | 0.3 | 30 | 27-Nov-17 | Developmental rabbit studies; an overall NOAEL of 30–32 mg/kg bw/d was based on inappetence observed at the next higher dose | ARfD for afidopyropen applies to the general population. |
|
Aldicarb |
0.001 |
0.01 |
15-Dec-99 |
Human acute study; a NOAEL of 0.01 mg/kg bw was based on significant and dose-related RBC AChE inhibition at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Ametoctradin |
1-Feb-12 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
| Amicarbazone | 0.1 | 10 | 9-Jun-06 | Acute neurotoxicity study; a NOAEL of 10 mg/kg bw was based on clinical signs of neurotoxicity at the next higher dose. | |
|
Aminopyralid |
10-Jan-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Amisulbrom |
14-Jun-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Atrazine |
05-Dec-00 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Aureobasidium pullulans |
21-Feb-17 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Azafenidin |
0.016 |
16 |
04-Jul-01 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 16 mg/kg bw/d was based on increased incidence of resorptions (predominantly early) at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for azafenidin only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Azimsulfuron |
10-Jan-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Azinphos-methyl |
0.075 |
0.75 |
05-Dec-00 |
Acute human study; a NOAEL of 0.75 mg/kg bw was based on the absence of RBC ChE inhibition or clinical signs. |
|
|
Azoxystrobin |
21-Apr-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
B |
|||||
|
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens |
09-May-02 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Bacillus licheniformis |
09-May-02 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 |
09-May-03 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Bacillus subtilis (see Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) |
|||||
|
Bacillus thuringiensis |
6-Sep-02 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis serotype 1 (strain MPPL 002) |
28-Aug-03 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
| Beauveria bassiana | 8-Aug-17 | ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. | |||
|
Bentazone |
21-Apr-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
| Benzovindiflupyr | 0.1 | 10 | 23-Jul-18 | Clinical observations, (decreased locomotor activity at 1 h post-dosing and reduced forelimb grip strength in females at 1 h post-dosing) | |
|
Benzylpenicillin procaine |
10-Oct-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Bicyclopyrone |
0.01 |
1 |
10-Jan-17 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 1 mg/kg bw/d was based on increased incidence of urogenital malformations along with skeletal variations at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for bicyclopyrone only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Bifenazate |
10-Jan-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Bitertanol |
21-Apr-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Bixafen |
0.2 |
20 |
18-Jan-16 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 20 mg/kg bw/d was based on reduced body weight gain in dams and foetuses at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Boscalid |
10-Jan-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Bromide |
10-Oct-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Bupivacaine |
17-Feb-17 |
There was insufficient information to establish an ARfD, however, based on its proposed pattern of use the dietary intake is likely to be low. |
|||
|
Buprofezin |
0.5 |
50 |
31-Oct-06 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw/d was based on bodyweight loss at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Butafenacil |
19-Nov-01 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
C |
|||||
|
Captan |
0.1 |
10 |
18-May-07 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 10 mg/kg bw/d was based on reduced maternal body weight and increased skeletal variations in foetuses at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for captan only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Carbaryl |
0.01 |
1 |
13-Dec-02 |
Subchronic neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 1 mg/kg bw/d was based on behavioural indications of autonomic neurotoxicity and reduced brain, plasma and RBC ChE activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Carbendazim |
0.05 |
50 [LOAEL] |
15-Feb-11 |
Special acute study in male rats; based on significant testicular and efferent ductal alterations at 50 mg/kg bw, the lowest dose tested. |
The ARfD is also supported by an acute in vivo genotoxicity study, with increased frequencies of micronuclei were observed in spermatids at a LOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw |
|
Ceftiofur (as free acids and salts) |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Cephalexin |
22-Nov-00 |
ARfD is considered to be unnecessary; therapeutic dose for adults ranges between 1-4 g/day. |
|||
|
Cetrimide |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Chlorantraniliprole |
9-May-08 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Chlorfenvinphos |
0.02 |
1.9 |
05-Dec-00 |
14-day mouse study; a NOAEL of 1.9 mg/kg bw/d was based on inhibition of RBC ChE activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Chlormequat |
0.07 |
7.5 |
23-Jun-05 |
2-year dietary dog study; a NOAEL of 7.5 mg/kg bw/d was based on excessive salivation and muscle weakness observed after a single dose. |
|
|
Chloropicrin |
16-Jan-14 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Chlorpyrifos |
0.1 |
1 |
05-Dec-00 |
Single dose human study; a NOAEL of 1 mg/kg bw/d was based on inhibition of RBC ChE activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Cinmethylin |
0.3 |
30 |
20-Aug-03 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 30 mg/kg bw/d was based on clinical signs (excess salivation and urine stained abdominal fur) at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Clethodim |
2-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Clitoria ternatea |
23-Nov-15 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
d-Cloprostenol |
21-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Cloquintocet acid |
05-Jul-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Clothianidin |
0.2 |
25 |
01-Aug-03 |
Acute neurotoxicity mouse study; a NOAEL of 25 mg/kg bw was based on clinical signs (reduced spontaneous activity) at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Codling Moth Granulosis Virus |
25-Nov-02 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Cyantraniliprole |
21-Jan-13 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Cyazofamid |
6-Jun-13 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Cyclaniliprole |
29-Feb-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Cyflufenamid |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Cyhalofop-butyl |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
| gamma-Cyhalothrin | 0.005 | 0.5 | 12-Aug-03 | Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 0.5 mg/kg bw/d was based on clinical signs of toxicity, reduced body weight gains and food consumption observed in dams at the next higher dose. | |
| beta-Cypermethrin | 0.05 | 4.7 | 19-Mar-02 | 3-month feeding dog study; a NOAEL of 4.7 mg/kg bw/d was based on clinical signs (whole body tremors, head nodding, 'lip-licking', subduedness, ataxia, agitation and a high-stepping gait) at the next higher dose. | |
|
D |
|||||
|
Decoquinate |
4-Jun-13 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Derquantel |
0.01 |
1 |
27-May-11 |
Acute neurotoxicity dog study; a NOAEL of 1 mg/kg bw was based on clinical signs (mydriasis, ptosis, dry eyes) at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Dexamethasone |
10-Oct-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Diazinon |
0.01 |
0.2 |
20-Dec-02 |
Acute dose human volunteer study; a NOAEL of 0.2 mg/kg bw was based on RBC ChE inhibition at the next higher dose. |
|
|
2,6 dichlorobenzamide (BAM) |
0.6 |
60 |
26-Nov-15 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 60 mg/kg bw/d was based on increased incidence of skeletal defects of the vertebrae and sternebrae at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for 2,6 dichlorobenzamide (BAM) applies to the general population. |
|
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) |
0.8 |
75 |
12-Sep-06 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 75 mg/kg bw was based on gait/coordination effects and decreased motor activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Dichlorprop-P |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Dichlorvos |
0.1 |
1 |
06-Apr-04 |
Single oral dose human volunteer study; a NOAEL of 1 mg/kg bw was based on the absence of any reduction in RBC ChE activity at 1 mg/kg bw, the only dose tested. |
|
|
Difethialone |
0.0005 |
0.48 [LOAEL] |
17-Apr-07 |
Acute oral rat study; a LOAEL of 0.48 mg/kg bw was based on death. |
|
|
Dimethenamid-P |
0.25 |
25 |
12-Aug-03 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 25 mg/kg bw/d was based on signs of toxicity in the foetus (reduced bodyweight and incomplete ossification) at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for dimethenamid-P only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. Note: Dimethenamid-P, the S-isomer, and its racemic mixture have equivalent toxicity at similar dose levels. |
|
Dimethoate |
0.02 |
0.2 |
23-Nov-10 |
Human volunteer study; a NOAEL of 0.2 mg/kg bw/d was based on ChE inhibition in whole blood at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Dinotefuran |
1.25 |
125 |
10-Aug-15 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 125 mg/kg bw/d was based on reduced body weight gain at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Diphenylamine |
21-Apr-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. (JMPR-98) |
|||
| Diquat | 0.8 | 75 | 8-Feb-18 | Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 75 mg/kg bw was based on clinical signs, inappetence and reduced bodyweight gain at the next higher dose. | |
|
Diuron |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Doramectin |
0.02 |
1.5 |
14-Oct-02 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 1.5 mg/kg bw/d was based on maternal toxicity with major malformations (cleft palate, phocomelia, syndactyly and coelosomia) observed in fetuses at 3 mg/kg bw/d and delayed ossification observed at 1.5 and 3 mg/kg bw/d. |
ARfD for doramectin only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
E |
|||||
| Emamectin benzoate | 0.03 | 5 | 11-Dec-18 | Based on acute neurotoxicity in rats (tremors, irritability) at 10 mg/kg bw. Neurobehavioral effects were accompanied by serious histopathological observations of neuronal degeneration in brain and spinal cord as well as effects on sciatic nerves at 25 mg/kg bw. |
JMPR 2011 Uncertainty factors applied were 10 for interspecies uncertainties, 10 for intraspecies uncertainties and 2 for severity of effect due to the serious neuropathological effects at 25 mg/kg bw. |
|
Enterococcus faecium |
4-Sep-02 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Epoxiconazole |
0.2 |
20 |
16-Apr-02 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 20 mg/kg bw/d was based on increased incidence of resorptions at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for epoxiconazole only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
| Eprinomectin | 0.2 | 1.5 | 31-Jan-18 | Human clinical trial; absence of any effects at the highest tested dose of 1.5 mg/kg bw. | ARfD was based on a clinical trial with ivermectin using a 'read across' approach due to the structural similarity and pharmacokinetic similarities of the two avermectin analogues. |
| Esfenvalerate | 0.02 | 1.75 | 31-Jan-18 | Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 1.75 mg/kg bw was based on clinical signs of neurotoxicity (tremors) at the next higher dose. | |
|
Ethametsulfuron-methyl |
17-Jan-01 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
| Ethoxyquin | 0.5 | 50 | 21-Feb-00 | Acute oral (capsule) dog study; a NOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw for effects on the hepatic biliary system and clinical signs at the next higher dose. | ARfD for ethoxyquin is based on JMPR evaluation (2005). The ARfD which is applicable for the general population includes three residues (MEQ, DHMEQ and DHEQ). |
|
Ethoxysulfuron |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Ethyl formate |
26-Nov-03 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
| Etofenprox | 1 | 100 | 4-Dec-17 | Developmental rabbit studies; an overall NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/d in two studies was based on reduced maternal bodyweight and food consumption immediately after dosing and an increased incidence of post-implantation loss at the next higher dose. (JMPR 2011, EFSA 2009) | ARfD for etofenprox only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Etoxazole |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
F |
|||||
|
Fenamiphos |
0.003 |
0.25 |
07-Nov-05 |
Acute oral dog study; a NOAEL of 0.25 mg/kg bw was based on inhibition of RBC ChE activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Fenbuconazole |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Fenhexamid |
2-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Fenitrothion |
0.03 |
0.33 |
05-Dec-00 |
Acute single dose human volunteer study; a NOAEL of 0.33 mg/kg bw was based on the absence of any inhibition of plasma and RBC ChE activity at the highest tested dose. |
|
|
Fenpyrazamine |
0.8 |
80 |
15-Feb-17 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 80 mg/kg bw was based on a reduction in motor activity and number of rearings at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Fipronil |
0.02 |
2.5 |
19-Jun-06 |
Two acute oral neurotoxicity rat studies; a NOAEL of 2.5 mg/kg bw was based on reduced footsplay at the next higher dose. |
This is a group ARfD value which includes fipronil, desulfinyl fipronil, fipronil sulphide and fipronil sulphone. |
|
Flazasulfuron |
26-Sep-11 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Flonicamid |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Florasulam |
26-May-09 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Florfenicol |
4-Jan-01 |
ARfD considered unnecesary due to its low oral toxicity after a single dose; structural analogs of florfenicol have a long history of therapeutic use without acute effects. |
|||
| Florpyrauxifen-benzyl | 8-Aug-17 | ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. | |||
|
Flubendiamide |
14-Dec-07 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Fludioxonil |
2-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
| Fluensulfone | 0.15 | 16.2 | 12-Jun-14 | 2-Gen reproduction study; a NOAEL of 16.2 mg/kg bw/d based on post-natal loss of pups at the next higher dose. | ARfD for fluensulfone applies to the general population. |
|
Flufenoxuron |
2-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Flumethrin |
04-Sep-01 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Flumiclorac pentyl |
08-Dec-04 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Flumioxazin |
0.03 |
3 |
12-Dec-02 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 3 mg/kg bw/d was based on embryo/foetal developmental toxicity with increased incidences of cardiovascular abnormalities at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for flumioxazin only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Flunixin meglumine |
0.02 |
2 |
01-Aug-02 |
6-week rat study; a NOAEL of 2 mg/kg bw/d was based clinical signs (reduced activity) at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Fluopicolide |
0.6 |
60 |
26-Nov-15 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 60 mg/kg bw/d was based on increased incidence of skeletal defects of the vertebrae and sternebrae at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for fluopicolide only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Fluopyram |
0.5 |
50 |
06-Jul-15 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw/d was based on slightly lower motor and locomotor activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Flupyradifurone |
0.35 |
35 |
11-Aug-15 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 35 mg/kg bw was based on increased incidences of piloerection and increased incidences of pupil dilation at the next higher dose. |
|
| Fluralaner | 31-May-18 | ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. | |||
|
Flutolanil |
28-Aug-01 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Fluxapyroxad |
30-Jan-12 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
G |
|||||
|
Glufosinate ammonium |
28-Aug-01 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Glyphosate |
2-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
H |
|||||
|
Halauxifen-methyl |
17-Sep-14 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Halofuginone |
0.0003 |
0.025 |
16-Jun-06 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 0.025 mg/kg bw/d was based on reduced body weight gain and food consumption, mortality and abortions at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for halofuginone only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Hexaflumuron |
31-Aug-01 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Hexythiazox |
2-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
I |
|||||
|
Imazalil |
0.05 |
5 |
29-Jan-07 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 0.05 mg/kg bw/d was based on increased number of resorptions and a reduced number of live pups at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for imazalil only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Imazapic |
2-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Imazapyr |
2-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Imazethapyr |
2-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Indoxacarb (S-Isomer) + R-Isomer |
0.1 |
12.5 |
30-May-08 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 12.5 mg/kg bw was based on reduced bodyweight gain and food consumption at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Ipconazole |
18-Jan-10 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Isofetamid |
3 |
300 |
9-Mar-17 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 300 mg/kg bw/d is based on reduced maternal bodyweight gain early in gestation at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Isopyrazam |
0.3 |
30 |
24-May-16 |
Rat acute neurotoxicity study; a NOAEL of 30 mg/kg bw was based on clinical signs of toxicity (weak appearance and decreased activity). |
|
|
Isoxaflutole |
10-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Ivermectin |
0.2 |
1.5 |
31-Jan-18 |
Human clinical trial; absence of any effects at the highest tested dose of 1.5 mg/kg bw. |
|
|
K |
|||||
|
Kresoxim-methyl |
10-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Ketoprofen |
0.001 |
0.1 |
8-Dec-00 |
Acute pharmacological rabbit study; a NOAEL of 0.1 mg/kg bw was based on inhibition of platelet aggregation at the next higher dose. |
|
|
L |
|||||
|
Lactobacillus acidophilus |
4-Sep-02 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Lactobacillus brevis |
4-Sep-02 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Lactobacillus casei |
4-Sep-02 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Lactobacillus plantarum |
4-Sep-02 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Lignocaine |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Lufenuron |
10-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
M |
|||||
|
Maldison |
1.5 |
15 |
12-Apr-05 |
Acute oral human study; a NOAEL of 15 mg/kg bw was based on inhibition of RBC and plasma ChE activity at the higher dose. |
|
|
Mandestrobin |
30-Mar-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Mandipropamid |
09-Apr-10 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Mecoprop |
0.5 |
50 |
17-Jan-01 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw/d was based on embryolethality and foetotoxicity (lower bodyweight and shorter CR length) at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for mecoprop only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Mecoprop-p |
0.5 |
50 |
17-Jan-01 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw/d was based on embryolethality and foetotoxicity (lower bodyweight and shorter CR length) at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for mecoprop-p only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
| Mefentrifluconazole | 27-Nov-17 | ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. | |||
|
Meloxicam |
0.004 |
0.04 |
04-Aug-04 |
Human clinical trial; a pharmacological NOAEL of 0.04 mg/kg bw/d was based on increased blood pressure, pulse rate and ECG at higher doses. |
|
|
Mesosulfuron-methyl |
18-Jan-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Mesotrione |
10-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Metalaxyl |
10-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
| Metamitron | 0.1 | 10 | 4-Dec-17 | Developmental rat study: a NOAEL of 10 mg/kg bw/d was based on the observation that acute CNS effects, in particular sedation and lower transient body temperature, occurred at doses in excess of 10 mg/kg bw. The only identified NOAEL of 10 mg/kg bw/d in the toxicological database was observed in a rat developmental study for reduced bodyweight gain. This NOAEL was selected as the basis of the numerical ARfD (EFSA, 2008). | ARfD for metmitron applies to the general population. |
|
Metazachlor |
15-Jul-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Methamidophos |
0.003 |
0.3 |
30-Jan-04 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 0.3 mg/kg bw was based on plasma, RBC and brain ChE inhibition at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Methidathion |
0.01 |
1 |
31-May-04 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 1 mg/kg bw was based on RBC and brain ChE inhibition at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Methiocarb |
0.005 |
0.5 |
4-Dec-17 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 0.5 mg/kg bw/d was based on clinical signs (muscle fasciculations) at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for methiocarb applies to the general population. |
| Methomyl | 0.02 | 0.1(H) | 5-Mar-07 | Acute (capsule) human toxicity study; a NOAEL 0.1 mg/kg bw was based on erythrocyte ChE inhibition at the next higher dose. | Source; JMPR 2001 |
|
Methoprene |
10-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Methoxyfenozide |
12-Jan-01 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
1-Methylcyclopropene |
10-Oct-03 |
There was insufficient information to establish an ARfD, however, based on its proposed pattern of use the dietary intake is likely to be low. |
|||
|
Metrafenone |
13-Apr-10 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Metribuzin |
18-Jan-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Mevinphos |
0.003 |
0.025 |
05-Dec-00 |
28-day human volunteer study; a NOAEL of 0.025 mg/kg bw/d was based on inhibition of RBC ChE activity and clinical signs at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Milbemectin |
0.06 |
6 |
29-Apr-05 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 6 mg/kg bw/d was based on reduced maternal bodyweight gain at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for milbemectin only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Monepantel |
31-Aug-09 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Moxidectin |
0.01 |
1 |
28-Mar-02 |
28-day dietary dog study and developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 1 mg/kg bw/d was based on neurotoxicity at the next higher dose (in dogs); and maternal toxicity (reduced weight gain) at the next higher dose (in rabbits). |
|
|
N |
|||||
|
Niclosamide |
20-Sep-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Novaluron |
17-Jan-01 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Nuclear polyhedrosis virus of helicoverpa armigera occlusion bodies |
17-Dec-03 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
O |
|||||
|
Omethoate |
0.003 |
0.25 |
20-Oct-05 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 0.25 mg/kg bw was based on plasma ChE inhibition at the next higher dose. |
|
|
O-phenylphenol (see 2-phenylphenol) |
|||||
|
Oxathiapiprolin |
30-Jul-15 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Oxytetracycline |
10-Oct-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
P |
|||||
|
Paraquat |
0.004 |
0.45 |
27-Jun-03 |
1-year chronic feeding dog study; a NOAEL of 0.45 mg/kg bw/d was based on the likelihood that the observed pulmonary lesions would also occur after an acute exposure at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Penflufen |
0.5 |
50 |
10-Oct-12 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw was based on decreased motor and locomotor activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Phenmedipham |
13-Apr-11 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
2-Phenylphenol |
31-Jul-03 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. (JMPR'99) |
|||
|
Penthiopyrad |
1 |
125 |
10-Feb-17 |
Acute oral neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 125 mg/kg bw was based on clinical signs (decreased motor activity, decreased body temp, hunched postion and unsteady gait) at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Pinoxaden |
0.3 |
30 |
29-Aug-05 |
Developmental toxicity rabbit study; a NOAEL of 30 mg/kg bw/d was based on early resorption, implantation loss, lower number of live births and reduced foetal weight at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for pinoxaden only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Porcine gonadotrophins |
25-Jun-02 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Procymidone |
0.1 |
12.5 |
10-May-17 |
Developmental toxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 12.5 mg/kg bw/d was based on an increased incidence of hypospadias at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for procymidone only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Profoxydim |
29-Nov-06 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Prohexadione-calcium |
18-Jan-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Propamocarb |
2 |
200 |
26-Nov-15 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw was based on a reduced activity 1 h after dosing at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Propargite |
10-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity and the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Propineb |
0.003 |
0.32 |
22-Feb-17 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 0.32 mg/kg bw/d was based on skeletal variations at the next higher dose. |
This group ARfD value which includes propineb and propylene thiourea (PTU) only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Propylene oxide |
0.4 |
205 |
21-Apr-06 |
Inhalation developmental toxicity rat study; a NOAEC of 300 ppm (equivalent to NOAEL of 205 mg/kg bw/d) was based on increased incidence of 7th cervical rib at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for propylene oxide only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Propylene thiourea (PTU) |
0.003 |
0.32 |
22-Feb-17 |
See group ARfD for Propineb. |
|
| Propyzamide | 0.13 |
40 [LOAEL] |
11-Dec-18 | Based on a LOAEL of 40 mg/kg bw due to acute, reversible neurotoxicity (increased landing foot splay and decreased motor activity; without detectable neuropathology) in rats at this dose. | The total uncertainty factor applied is 3 for LOAEL to NOAEL extrapolation uncertainties, 10 for interspecies uncertainties and 10 for intraspecies uncertainties. |
|
Proquinazid |
1 |
100 |
10-Feb-17 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw was based on reduced motor activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Prosulfocarb |
0.4 |
40 |
30-Jul-07 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 40 mg/kg bw was based on reduced motor activity at the next higher dose. |
|
| Propiconazole | 0.3 | 30 | 30-Aug-18 | An ARfD of 0.3mg/kgbw was established based on a NOAEL of 30mg/kgbw per day in a developmental toxicity study in rats and a 100-fold safety factor. The NOAEL was identified on the basis of slight increases in rudimentary ribs and unossified sternebrae at 90mg/kgbw per day. This provides an adequate margin over the maternal toxicity and cleft palate seen at 300mg/kgbw per day. The NOAEL is also adequately protective against any acute local effects on the gastrointestinal tract based on the available data in dogs. Ataxia has also been noted in pregnant rats dosed at 360 mg/kg body weight/day. | |
|
Prothioconazole |
0.03 |
3 |
28-May-08 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 3 mg/kg bw/d was based on increased incidence of 14th rib, increased resorptions and cleft palate at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for prothioconazole only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. Since the residue definition for risk assessment in all commodities is expressed as prothioconazole-desthio and this metabolite is of higher toxicity than the parent, a group ARfD was established to include prothioconazole-desthio. |
|
Pydiflumetofen |
21-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Pyraclostrobin |
0.05 |
5 |
26-Jun-08 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 5 mg/kg bw/d was based on early resorptions at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for pyraclostrobin only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
|
Pyraflufen-ethyl |
0.2 |
20 |
17-Dec-04 |
Developmental rabbit study; a NOAEL of 20 mg/kg bw/d was based on increased maternal mortality and morbidity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Pyrasulfotole |
0.2 |
200 [LOAEL] |
20-Aug-08 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; based on decreased motor and locomotor activity at a LOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw. |
|
|
Pyrethrins |
0.2 |
20 |
31-Jul-03 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 20 mg/kg bw was based on neurotoxicity observed at the next higher dose. |
Adopted from JMPR ‘99. |
|
Pyridalyl |
29-Apr-04 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Pyrimethanil |
10-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Pyriofenone |
26-Nov-14 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Pyroxasulfone |
|
|
27-Jun-13 |
|
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|
Pyroxsulam |
14-Apr-08 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Q |
|||||
|
Quinclorac |
2 |
200 |
13-Sep-04 |
Acute oral toxicity gavage mouse study; a NOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw was based on clinical signs at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Quinoxyfen |
15-Jan-02 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
R |
|||||
|
Ractopamine hydrochloride |
0.001 |
0.13 |
30-Jul-02 |
Human study; a NOAEL of 0.13 mg/kg bw was based on increased heart rate at the next higher dose. |
|
|
S |
|||||
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
04-Sep-02 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Saflufenacil |
0.05 |
5 |
13-Feb-17 |
Developmental rat study; a NOAEL of 5 mg/kg bw/d was based on an increased incidence of bent scapula and wavy ribs in the absence of maternal toxicity at the next higher dose. |
ARfD for salflufenacil only applies to women of child-bearing age. An ARfD for the general population is considered to be unnecessary. |
| Sedaxane | 24-Apr-11 | ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. | |||
|
Spinetoram |
05-May-08 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Spinosad |
10-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Spirotetramat |
1 |
100 |
26-May-08 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw was based on clinical signs and decreased motor activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Spiroxamine |
0.2 |
20 |
02-Jul-01 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 20 mg/kg bw was based on decrease in landing footsplay at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Streptomyces lydicus |
07-Jun-16 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Sulfoxaflor |
0.25 |
25 |
27-Jun-13 |
Acute oral neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 25 mg/kg bw was based on decreased motor activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Sulfuryl Fluoride |
0.3 |
31 |
24-Aug-06 |
Acute inhalational neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 31 mg/kg bw (300 ppm) was based on the absence of any observed effects at the highest tested concentration of 300 ppm. |
|
|
T |
|||||
|
Tebuconazole |
0.3 | 30 |
11-Dec-18 |
Based on a maternal and developmental toxicity NOAEL of 30 mg/kg bw/day in rats and rabbits. Maternotoxicity manifested as decreased body weight gain. Visceral and skeletal developmental anomalies occurred at higher doses. This is supported by a NOAEL of 30 mg/kg bw/day in the 28-day oral (gavage) toxicity study in rats based on changes in haematological parameters detected at the next highest dose. The haematological changes could potentially be caused by a single dose. |
Total uncertainty factor applied was 100. |
|
Tepraloxydim |
13-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Terbuthylazine |
04-May-01 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Tetraconazole |
0.2 |
16 |
12-Dec-02 |
4-week dietary rat study; a NOAEL of 16 mg/kg bw/d was based on clinical signs at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Thiacloprid |
0.03 |
3.1 |
20-Jul-01 |
Acute oral neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 3.1 mg/kg bw was based on reduced motor & locomotor activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Thiram |
0.1 |
10 |
02-Jul-10 |
Acute neurotoxicity rat study; a NOAEL of 10 mg/kg bw was based on reduced locomotor activity at the next higher dose. |
|
|
Tilmicosin |
0.4 |
36 |
29-Aug-02 |
7-day oral dosing (capsule) dog study; a NOAEL of 10 mg/kg bw/d was based on the absence of clinical signs (ataxia, dyspnoea, bilateral mydriasis) during the first 4 days of dosing. |
|
|
Tolfenamic acid |
0.005 |
[0.5] |
16-Jan-01 |
Lowest effective therapeutic dose (as a single dose) for treatment of pyresis in children. |
|
|
Topramezone |
16-Jun-16 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Trifloxystrobin |
10-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Trifloxysulfuron |
13-Feb-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Trinexapac-ethyl |
10-May-17 |
ARfD considered to be unnecessary due to its low oral toxicity or the absence of any developmental toxicity after a single dose. |
|||
|
Tulathromycin |
0.1 |
100 |
16-Aug-06 |
Acute tolerance dog study; a LOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw was based on the occurrence of emesis and loose stools. |
|
|
U |
|||||
|
Ulocladium oudemansii |
12-Dec-03 |
ARfD unnecessary. Naturally occurring organism - residues from its use are unlikely to be distinguishable from naturally occurring background levels of the organism. |
|||
|
Z |
|||||
|
Zilpaterol |
0.00004 |
0.00076[LOAEL] |
24-Oct-16 |
Single dose human study; a LOAEL of 0.05 mg/person (equal to 0.00076 mg/kg bw) was based on the observation of tremors at the lowest tested dose. |
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